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| Quotations - General | [Quote No.42606] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Beware the dulling effect of social statistics:] One death is a tragedy; one million is a statistic." - Joseph Stalin
(1879 - 1953), Russian Communist leader. Stalin, a political name adopted when he was 34, meaning Man of Steel, became a member of the Bolshevik party in 1903. Around 1913 he was arrested and exiled to Siberia. He was released by general amnesty after the February Revolution of 1917. In 1922 he became the General Secretary of the Communist party. In the same year Lenin called for his removal, explaining that Stalin had amassed too much power, in what was to become known as Lenin's last testament.
Following Lenin's death in 1924, a wave of reaction swept through the Soviet government. Stalin introduced his theory of socialism in one country, where he explained that Socialism could be achieved by a single country.
In 1927, after years of bureaucratic manoeuvring, the members in the government that were part of the Left Opposition were deported on a wide scale. Immediately following, Stalin announced his theory of social fascism, describing that the theories of Social-Democracy and Fascism were essentially the same. Following this new theory, members of Social-Democratic organisations (of which Bolsheviks were once a part) were arrested or deported. In 1929 the right-wing of the Communist party, led by Bukharin, was removed from the so-called 'soviet' government by the Stalinists.
In late 1928, Stalin introduced methods of productively advancing the Soviet Union via forced industrialisation and collectivisation. These efforts were tasked out in five year plans, the first of which included a wide-scale campaign of mass executions, arrests, and deportations of the kulak class.
From 1934 to 1939 Stalin ordered a series of executions and imprisonments, largely directed towards people within the Soviet government. Half of the members of the first Council of Peoples Commissars were executed in 1938 (A quarter of them had died natural deaths beforehand, of the remaining quarter only Stalin lived past 1942). Some government officials executed were thought to be Nazi agents or sympathisers, while others were accused for planning to overthrow the Soviet government. Members of the Left Opposition who were allowed to return to the party after accepting Stalinism were soon executed; those who remained abroad were hunted down and killed. Also executed were people belonging to the right-wing of the party (Bukharin and others). The exact number of people executed is not known, estimates range from thousands to millions.
[This biography was developed from information from http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/s/t.htm#stalin ]
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| [Quote No.42609] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Diversity:] ...'true conformity' is possible only in the cemetery. " - Joseph Stalin
(1879 - 1953), Russian Communist leader. Stalin, a political name adopted when he was 34, meaning Man of Steel, became a member of the Bolshevik party in 1903. Around 1913 he was arrested and exiled to Siberia. He was released by general amnesty after the February Revolution of 1917. In 1922 he became the General Secretary of the Communist party. In the same year Lenin called for his removal, explaining that Stalin had amassed too much power, in what was to become known as Lenin's last testament.
Following Lenin's death in 1924, a wave of reaction swept through the Soviet government. Stalin introduced his theory of socialism in one country, where he explained that Socialism could be achieved by a single country.
In 1927, after years of bureaucratic manoeuvring, the members in the government that were part of the Left Opposition were deported on a wide scale. Immediately following, Stalin announced his theory of social fascism, describing that the theories of Social-Democracy and Fascism were essentially the same. Following this new theory, members of Social-Democratic organisations (of which Bolsheviks were once a part) were arrested or deported. In 1929 the right-wing of the Communist party, led by Bukharin, was removed from the so-called 'soviet' government by the Stalinists.
In late 1928, Stalin introduced methods of productively advancing the Soviet Union via forced industrialisation and collectivisation. These efforts were tasked out in five year plans, the first of which included a wide-scale campaign of mass executions, arrests, and deportations of the kulak class.
From 1934 to 1939 Stalin ordered a series of executions and imprisonments, largely directed towards people within the Soviet government. Half of the members of the first Council of Peoples Commissars were executed in 1938 (A quarter of them had died natural deaths beforehand, of the remaining quarter only Stalin lived past 1942). Some government officials executed were thought to be Nazi agents or sympathisers, while others were accused for planning to overthrow the Soviet government. Members of the Left Opposition who were allowed to return to the party after accepting Stalinism were soon executed; those who remained abroad were hunted down and killed. Also executed were people belonging to the right-wing of the party (Bukharin and others). The exact number of people executed is not known, estimates range from thousands to millions.
[This biography was developed from information from http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/s/t.htm#stalin ]
Quote from Stalin's article 'Our purposes', in 'Pravda' #1, 22 January 1912. [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin ]
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| [Quote No.42611] Need Area: Friends > General
"[It is not very unusual for statist political parties once in government to use extreme violence, force and coercion to get and maintain control:] The names of Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler will forever be linked to the tragic course of European history in the first half of the twentieth century. Only weeks after the Russian [Socialist-Communist] Revolution the Bolsheviks created secret police forces far more brutal than any that had existed under the tsar. The Nazis [German National-Socialists] followed suit and were no sooner in power than they instituted the dreaded Gestapo. Under both regimes millions of people were incarcerated in concentration camps where they were tortured and frequently worked to death." - Robert Gellately
Quote from 'Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler : The Age of Social Catastrophe' (2007). [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin ]
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| [Quote No.42612] Need Area: Friends > General
"...it was of the utmost importance to me that people in western Europe should see the Soviet regime for what it really was. Since 1930 I had seen little evidence that the USSR [with Joseph Stalin] was progressing towards anything that one could truly call Socialism. On the contrary, I was struck by clear signs of its transformation into a hierarchical society, in which the rulers have no more reason to give up their power than any other ruling class. Moreover, the workers and intelligentsia in a country like England cannot understand that the USSR of today is altogether different from what it was in 1917. It is partly that they do not want to understand (i.e. they want to believe that, somewhere, a really Socialist country does actually exist), and partly that, being accustomed to comparative freedom and moderation in public life, totalitarianism is completely incomprehensible to them." - George Orwell
Quote from in the original preface to his famous novel 'Animal Farm'; as published in 'George Orwell: Some Materials for a Bibliography' (1953) by Ian R. Willison.
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| [Quote No.42613] Need Area: Friends > General
"[One of the unfortunate things about political ideologies promoting human dignity, freedom and equality as Socialism did, as described by its supporters, is that while those aims are desired by all humans, the methods to gain and keep political control in a country often mean that what was said and what is done are very different and sometimes may never have even been possible to begin with.] In Russia, the so-called 'dictatorship of the proletariat' has not led to Socialism, but to the domination of a new bureaucracy over the proletariat and the whole people. ...
What the Russian autocrats and their supporters fear most is that the success of libertarian Socialism in Spain might prove to their blind followers that the much vaunted 'necessity of dictatorship' is nothing but one vast fraud which in Russia has led to the despotism of Stalin and is to serve today in Spain to help the counter-revolution to a victory over the revolution of the workers and the peasants." - Rudolf Rocker
Quote from his book, 'The Tragedy of Spain' (1937).
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| [Quote No.42617] Need Area: Friends > General
"It goes without saying that a civilization [with a socio-economic and political philosophy and culture] which leaves so large a number of its participants unsatisfied and drives them into revolt neither has nor deserves the prospect of a lasting existence." - Sigmund Freud
He was a medical doctor, psychologist - the father of psychoanalysis and physiologist. He was considered one of the most influential thinkers of the early twentieth century.
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| [Quote No.42620] Need Area: Friends > General
"Temper is a weapon that we hold by the blade." - James Matthew Barrie
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| [Quote No.43615] Need Area: Friends > General
"In principle, there are only two fundamental political
viewpoints. That is, two contradictory ends of the 'political spectrum.' Those two principles are freedom and slavery." - Mark Da Cunha
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| [Quote No.42624] Need Area: Friends > General
"We are [but should not be] so vain that we even care for the opinion of those we don't care for." - Marie Von Ebner-Eschenbach
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| [Quote No.42636] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Character, self-esteem, self-development and judging others:] Every person has buried deep inside a dazzling, million-dollar gem. We just need to cut away the dirt to find it! --
The Mishnah [Ethics of the Fathers 4:3) teaches us: [Ben Azzai] was accustomed to say: ‘Do not be scornful of any person, and do not be disdainful of anything, for you have no person without his hour, and you have no thing without its place.’
Rabbi Shalom Dov of Lubavitch showed great affection for the simple folk. One time, a chassid who was a diamond merchant asked the rabbi what virtues he saw in these unlearned people.
The rabbi asked the chassid whether he happened to have any of his merchandise with him, whereupon he showed the rabbi a packet of diamonds. The rabbi pointed to a rather large gem and said, ‘That is indeed a beautiful diamond.’
The chassid smiled. ‘No, rabbi,’ he said, ‘it happens to be full of defects.’
‘But it is more beautiful than the other stones,’ the rabbi said.
The chassid explained, ‘It happens to be larger than the other stones, but because it has defects which can be seen with a magnifying glass, its value is much less. Now here,’ he said, ‘is a smaller stone that may not appear as brilliant as the larger one, but it is a perfect stone, and is very valuable. You see, rabbi, to know the value of diamonds one must have expertise.’
‘I understand,’ Rabbi Shalom Dov said, ‘but the same thing is true of knowing the value of people, where one must also have great expertise.’
--Million-Dollar Gem:
Several years ago, I fully appreciated the truth of the rabbi's words. I had begun a project in Israel to rehabilitate ex-convicts who had run afoul of the law because of their need to support their drug habits. In meeting with the first group, I tried to point out that people who have a good sense of self-worth are unlikely to do things that would cause them harm, just as someone who owns a beautiful new automobile would take caution that it not be scratched and marred.
At this point one of the clients interrupted me, exclaiming, ‘You expect me to have a sense of self-worth? I am 34, and I have spent 16 years of my life in prison, having been convicted eight times. When I get out of jail, no one wants to hire me because of my prison record, and I can't get a job to support myself. When my family is informed that I will be released from prison they become terribly upset. I am a burden and an embarrassment to them. I am sure they would rather have me dead! How could I possibly have a feeling of self-worth when everybody in the world considers me worthless and nothing but excess baggage which they would like to be rid of?’
I was taken aback by both this man's desperation and the apparent validity of his words, but I said, ‘Avi, have you ever seen a display in a jeweler's window? There are dazzling diamonds worth many thousands of dollars. Do you know what those diamonds looked like when they were first extracted from the mine? They looked like dirty, ugly, worthless pieces of glass. Anyone who would judge by their appearance would throw them away. However, there is an expert who scans the ore, and he may pick up one of these 'worthless' rocks and say, 'Wow! I bet there is a million-dollar gem in this one!'
‘An onlooker would say, 'Throw that piece of junk away and wash your hands from the dirt.' But the expert says, 'Just wait and see what's in here.' He then sends the dirty rock to the processing plant, and eventually it yields a dazzling 15-carat diamond, which can blind a person with its brilliance. Of course, there is no way anyone can put such beauty into a 'dirty rock.' What the processing plant did was to cut away the layers that covered over the beauty. It only exposed the beauty that had been concealed.
‘Avi,’ I said, ‘you are telling me that you are worthless. I am the expert who can see the precious diamond within you. If you stay with us, we will help you reveal it.’
Avi remained in treatment for three months, then went to a ‘halfway house,’ got a job, and continued to work on his recovery. Eventually he moved to independent living.
--Finders Keepers:
One day Annette, who was the administrator of the halfway house, received a call from a family whose elderly mother had died and had left an apartment full of furniture for which they had no use. They wished to donate the furniture to the halfway house. Annette called Avi to see whether he could find a way to move the furniture, and Avi assured her he could get a truck and take care of it.
Two days later Avi called to state that he was at the apartment with a truck, but that the furniture was old and dilapidated and could not be used. Annette told him that she did not wish to refuse a donation, and to bring the furniture anyway.
Avi loaded the truck, and at the halfway house was dragging an old, broken sofa up the stairs when an envelope containing 5,000 shekels (about $1,800) fell from underneath the cushions. In the past, Avi had stolen purses and had broken into homes for as little as 10 shekels. Here he had 5,000 shekels of whose existence no one else knew. Without being well-versed in Jewish law, he could have easily thought that the rule of ‘finders-keepers’ would apply, and there would have been no crime in his keeping the money.
Avi called the family to report his find. They thanked him, and suggested he give the money as a donation to the halfway house.
I subsequently met Avi and said, ‘Didn't I tell you that there was a beautiful diamond within you? How many otherwise honest people would simply have pocketed the money and not said a word about it? Your diamond is brilliant, Avi.’
On a subsequent trip to Israel, Annette showed me a plaque that Avi had affixed to the door of the halfway house. It reads: DIAMOND PROCESSING CENTER.
Rabbi Shalom Dov understood the Mishnah well. There is no person who should be scorned. You just have to be an expert." - Dr. Abraham J Twerski
Dr. Abraham Twerski is a psychiatrist and founder of Gateway Rehabilitation Center in Pittsburgh, one of America’s leading facilities for addiction treatment. He is the author of more than 60 books, and lectures extensively on the topics of chemical dependency, stress, self-esteem and spirituality. For 20 years, he served as clinical director of the Department of Psychiatry at St. Francis Hospital in Pittsburgh, and was associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh’s School of Medicine. Dr. Twerski is an ordained rabbi, and traces his ancestry to the Baal Shem Tov, founder of the Chassidic movement. Visit him online at www.abrahamtwerski.com, and his 12-step self-esteem program at www.12steps2selfesteem.com. Quote from ‘Visions of the Fathers’ (Shaar/Mesorah)
[http://www.aish.com/sp/pg/48893172.html ]
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| [Quote No.42639] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Freedom, individualism, being yourself so long as you don't hurt another's physical person or property:] To be what we are, and to become what we are capable of becoming, is the only end of life!" - Robert Louis Stevenson
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| [Quote No.42640] Need Area: Friends > General
"As I know more of mankind I expect less of them, and am ready now to call a man a good man, upon easier terms than I was formerly." - Samuel Johnson
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| [Quote No.42650] Need Area: Friends > General
"Ask not what your government can do for you.
Ask what your government can do to you [arbitrarily, if that power is justified and, if not, how that should be nullified]. " - Doug Newman
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| [Quote No.42653] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Government and the law:] Corn can't expect justice from a court composed of chickens." - African Proverb
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| [Quote No.42654] Need Area: Friends > General
"For those looking for security, be forewarned that there's nothing more insecure than a political promise." - Harry Browne
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| [Quote No.42655] Need Area: Friends > General
"Any country that is considering waging war against another country should first consider that the loser will almost always be the country that runs out of money first." - Jeff Thomas
[http://www.internationalman.com/global-perspectives/war ]
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| [Quote No.42657] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Freedom and individualism:] Whoever accepts liability also has to have a right to control... [This is the concept that most voters for big, paternal, statist government don't understand; namely if you let the government take the role of saviour then it will understandably start taking control of your life to limit its liability. For example, as soon as the government takes control of public health then, to limit its liability, it will start limiting anything it thinks will likely cause medical costs - for example smoking, drinking, food, exercise campaigns, driving, dangerous sports, etc, etc. Soon every person has their individual freedom and personal responsibility severely limited. It is a very high price to pay. Most children rebel against these types of limitations when parents implement them and so most responsible adults dislike statist governments.]" - Sabine Lautenschläger
vice-president of the Bundesbank. Quoted in the article 'Bundesbank warns on EU banking union' in the 'Financial Times', June, 2012. [http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com.au/2012/06/dead-before-arrival-bundesbank-shoots.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+MishsGlobalEconomicTrendAnalysis+(Mish's+Global+Economic+Trend+Analysis) ]
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| [Quote No.42659] Need Area: Friends > General
"It is a governing principle of nature, that the agency which can produce most good, when perverted from its proper aim, is most productive of evil. It behooves the well-intentioned, therefore, vigorously to watch the tendency of even their most highly prized institutions [especially government], since that which was established in the interests of the right, may so easily become the agent of the wrong." - James Fenimore Cooper
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| [Quote No.42661] Need Area: Friends > General
"The majority [even in a democracy], oppressing an individual [who is peaceful and honest], is guilty of a crime, abuses its strength, and by acting on the law of the strongest breaks up the foundations of society." - Thomas Jefferson
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| [Quote No.42662] Need Area: Friends > General
"Absolute power corrupts [absolutely] even when exercised for humane purposes. The benevolent despot [whether politician or religious leader] who sees himself as a shepherd of the people still demands from others the submissiveness of sheep." - Eric Hoffer
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| [Quote No.42663] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Beware the potential for the abuse of power:] You do not examine legislation in the light of the benefits it will convey if properly administered; but in the light of the wrongs it would do and the harms it would cause if improperly administered." - Lyndon B. Johnson
US President
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| [Quote No.42664] Need Area: Friends > General
"The test of every religious, political, or educational system, is the man [and woman] which it forms. If a system injures the intelligence it is bad. If it injures the character it is vicious. If it injures the conscience it is criminal." - Henri Frederic Amiel
(1821-1881). Quote from the 'Journal', 17 June 1852.
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| [Quote No.42665] Need Area: Friends > General
"Love your country but fear its government." - Daniel Webster
(1782-1852), US Senator
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| [Quote No.42666] Need Area: Friends > General
"The more power a government has, the more it can act arbitrarily according to the whims and desires of the [political] elite and murder its foreign and domestic subjects. The more constrained the power of governments, the more power is diffused, checked and balanced, the less it will aggress on others and commit democide. [Dr. Rummel coined the term democide to refer to the many and regular genocides and mass murders committed by governments.]... In total, during the first eighty-eight years of this [the 20th] century, almost 170 million men, women, and children have been shot, beaten, tortured, knifed, burned, starved, frozen, crushed, or worked to death; buried alive, drowned, hung, bombed, or killed in any other of the myriad ways governments have inflicted death on unarmed, helpless citizens and foreigners. The dead could conceivably be nearly 360 million people. It is as though our species has been devastated by a modern Black Plague. And indeed it has, but a plague of Power, not of germs." - Rudolf J. Rummel
Professor of political science, University of Hawaii. Quote from 'Death by Government' (Transaction Press 1994).
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| [Quote No.42667] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Absolute power corrupts absolutely:] A decision of the Fuhrer [Leader] in the express form of a law or decree may not be scrutinized by a judge. In addition, the judge is bound by any other decision of the Fuhrer, provided that they are clearly intended to declare law." - Adolf Hitler
(1889-1945) German Nazi [National Socialist] Dictator. Quote from 1936 Decree.
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| [Quote No.42669] Need Area: Friends > General
"We must make clear to the Germans that the wrong for which their fallen leaders are on trial is not that they lost the [Second World] war, but that they started it...No grievances or policies will justify resort to [initiating force and] aggressive [rather than defensive] war. It is utterly renounced and condemned as an instrument of policy." - Justice Robert H. Jackson
(1892-1954), U. S. Supreme Court Justice.
Source: U.S. Supreme Court, 08 Dec 1945, and reprinted in 'Precision-Guided Coverage', Molly Ivins, May 2003
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| [Quote No.42670] Need Area: Friends > General
"Republics are created by the virtue, public spirit, and intelligence of the citizens. They fall, when the wise [politicians, etc] are banished from the public councils, because they dare to be honest, and the profligate [politicians, etc] are rewarded, because they flatter the people, in order to betray them." - Justice Joseph Story
(1779-1845) US Supreme Court Justice. Quoted in 1833.
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| [Quote No.42681] Need Area: Friends > General
"I know that no one can really stop me but myself and that really no one can help me but myself." - Peter Nivio Zarlenga
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| [Quote No.42682] Need Area: Friends > General
"A liberal [socialist] is a man who will give away everything he doesn't own." - Frank Dane
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| [Quote No.42695] Need Area: Friends > General
"Aggressive fighting for the right is the noblest sport the world affords." - Theodore Roosevelt
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| [Quote No.42704] Need Area: Friends > General
"[Society's living standards are rising:] The slogan of progress is changing from the full dinner pail [all of us having enough to eat] to the full garage [all of us having all the modern technological conveniences]." - Herbert Clark Hoover
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| [Quote No.42710] Need Area: Friends > General
"Love is all we have, the only way that each can help the other [other than enlightened self-interest in a free-market of co-operative, voluntary exchange].
" - Euripides
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| [Quote No.42713] Need Area: Friends > General
"Peace is not something you wish for; it's something you make, something you do, something you are, something you give away." - Robert Fulghum
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| [Quote No.42729] Need Area: Friends > General
"[The writ of habeas corpus is an important right given to citizens. This writ means that normally individuals cannot be held without being brought before a court to see if they have a case to answer.] Of great importance to the public is the preservation of this personal liberty; for if once it were left in the power of any the highest magistrate to imprison arbitrarily whomever he or his officers thought proper, (as in France it is daily practised by the crown,) there would soon be an end of all other rights and immunities. Some have thought that unjust attacks, even upon life or property, at the arbitrary will of the magistrate, are less dangerous to the commonwealth than such as are made upon the personal liberty of the subject. To bereave a man of life, or by violence to confiscate his estate, without accusation or trial, would be so gross and notorious an act of despotism, as must at once convey the alarm of tyranny throughout the whole kingdom; but confinement of the person, by secretly hurrying him to jail, where his sufferings are unknown or forgotten, is a less public, a less striking, and therefore a more dangerous engine of arbitrary government." - William Blackstone
Quote from his book, 'Commentaries on the Laws of England' [1753].
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| [Quote No.42730] Need Area: Friends > General
"War is liberty's greatest enemy, and the deadly foe of economic progress... To fight evil with evil is only to make evil general." - Leonard Read
Quote from his, 'Conscience on the Battlefield' [1951].
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| [Quote No.42731] Need Area: Friends > General
"The transition to socialism, in the sense of an almost subconscious, sleep-walking sort of 'maximax' strategy by the state, both to augment its potential discretionary power and actually to realize the greatest possible part of the potential thus created, is likely to be peaceful, dull, and unobtrusive. This is its low-risk high-reward approach. Far from being any noisy 'battle of democracy ... to centralise all instruments of production in the hands of the state'; far from involving some heroic revolutionary break with continuity; far from calling for the violent putting down of the propertied minority, the transition to socialism would probably be the more certain the more it relied on the slow atrophy of initially independent, self-regulating subsystems of society. As their free functioning was constrained, the declining vitality of successive chunks of the 'mixed economy' would eventually lead to a passive acceptance of a step-by-step extension of public ownership, if not to a clamour for it." - Anthony de Jasay
Quote from his book, 'The State' [1985].
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| [Quote No.42734] Need Area: Friends > General
"I find bowing to people who occasionally wear crowns rather odd. I'll reserve my deference for achievement rather than bloodline." - Robin Ince
(1969 - ), comedian, actor and writer.
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"Incompetents invariably make trouble for people other than themselves." - Larry McMurtry
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"[Controlling aggression towards others and their property has always been the challenge of living together in society:] If we know anything about man, it's that he's not pacific. The temptation to butcher anyone considered undesirable seems to be a common temptation, not always resisted." - Larry McMurtry
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"[Individual freedom and property rights are related! As] Economics is the study of the use of scarce resources which have alternative uses [then politics, is about the way the use of those scarce resources is decided. This is often the result of who is deemed to 'own' the resources -i.e. property rights: in free-market capitalism the private individual is deemed the owner through private property rights; in planned-economy communism the state is deemed the owner due to the much weaker private property rights if they exist at all.]" - Lionel Robbins
Distinguished British economist.
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"A society [government, politicians, bureaucrats, citizens] that puts [efforts for] equality — in the sense of equality of outcome [rather than treatment] — ahead of [the unalienable human right to honest, peaceful, individual] freedom will end up with neither equality nor freedom. The [arbitrary or even democratic majority authorised] use of force [and legal coercion as a means] to achieve equality [as an end-outcome] will destroy freedom, and the force [coercion or fraud], introduced for good purposes [intentions], will end up in the hands of people [historically often tyrants, for example Nazi Germany's Adolf Hitler and Communist Russia's Joseph Stalin] who use it to promote their own interests." - Milton Friedman
(1912 – 2006), American economist, statistician, and author who taught at the University of Chicago for more than three decades. He was a recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. As a leader of the Chicago school of economics, he influenced the research agenda of the economics profession. A survey of economists ranked Friedman as the second most popular economist of the twentieth century behind John Maynard Keynes, and The Economist described him as 'the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century...possibly of all of it.'
Friedman's challenges to what he later called 'naive Keynesian' (as opposed to New Keynesian) theory began with his 1950s reinterpretation of the consumption function, and he became the main advocate opposing activist Keynesian government policies. In the late 1960s he described his own approach (along with all of mainstream economics) as using 'Keynesian language and apparatus' yet rejecting its 'initial' conclusions. During the 1960s he promoted an alternative macroeconomic policy known as 'monetarism'. He theorized there existed a 'natural' rate of unemployment, and argued that governments could increase employment above this rate (e.g., by increasing aggregate demand) only at the risk of causing inflation to accelerate. He argued that the Phillips curve was not stable and predicted what would come to be known as stagflation. Friedman argued that, given the existence of the Federal Reserve, a constant small expansion of the money supply was the only wise policy.
Friedman was an economic adviser to conservative President Ronald Reagan. His political philosophy extolled the virtues of a free market economic system with minimal intervention. He once stated that his role in eliminating U.S. conscription was his proudest accomplishment, and his support for school choice led him to found The Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice. In his 1962 book 'Capitalism and Freedom', Friedman advocated policies such as a volunteer military, freely floating exchange rates, abolition of medical licenses, a negative income tax, and education vouchers. His ideas concerning monetary policy, taxation, privatization and deregulation influenced government policies, especially during the 1980s. His monetary theory influenced the Federal Reserve's response to the global financial crisis. Quote from his book he wrote with his wife Rose Friedman, ‘Free to Choose’ (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980), p. 148.
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| [Quote No.42767] Need Area: Friends > General
"A society that puts equality [of outcome rather than treatment] before [individual] freedom will get neither. A society that puts [individual] freedom before [outcome] equality will get a high degree of both." - Milton Friedman
(1912 – 2006), American economist, statistician, and author who taught at the University of Chicago for more than three decades. He was a recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. As a leader of the Chicago school of economics, he influenced the research agenda of the economics profession. A survey of economists ranked Friedman as the second most popular economist of the twentieth century behind John Maynard Keynes, and The Economist described him as 'the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century...possibly of all of it.' Friedman's challenges to what he later called 'naive Keynesian' (as opposed to New Keynesian) theory began with his 1950s reinterpretation of the consumption function, and he became the main advocate opposing activist Keynesian government policies. In the late 1960s he described his own approach (along with all of mainstream economics) as using 'Keynesian language and apparatus' yet rejecting its 'initial' conclusions. During the 1960s he promoted an alternative macroeconomic policy known as 'monetarism'. He theorized there existed a 'natural' rate of unemployment, and argued that governments could increase employment above this rate (e.g., by increasing aggregate demand) only at the risk of causing inflation to accelerate. He argued that the Phillips curve was not stable and predicted what would come to be known as stagflation. Friedman argued that, given the existence of the Federal Reserve, a constant small expansion of the money supply was the only wise policy. Friedman was an economic adviser to conservative President Ronald Reagan. His political philosophy extolled the virtues of a free market economic system with minimal intervention. He once stated that his role in eliminating U.S. conscription was his proudest accomplishment, and his support for school choice led him to found The Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice. In his 1962 book 'Capitalism and Freedom', Friedman advocated policies such as a volunteer military, freely floating exchange rates, abolition of medical licenses, a negative income tax, and education vouchers. His ideas concerning monetary policy, taxation, privatization and deregulation influenced government policies, especially during the 1980s. His monetary theory influenced the Federal Reserve's response to the global financial crisis. Quote from 'Created Equal', the last of the 'Free to Choose' television series (1990, Volume 5 transcript).
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"[The Founding Father's ideas in the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution about limiting the authority of the US Federal Government and thereby minimizing the size, cost (taxes) and interference (laws, rules, bureaucracy) in individual freedom have been eroded over time. Politicians and bureaucrats will always try to gain more power as it makes them more powerful, important and indispensable. But whether this has helped any but politicians and those of their supporters chosen for their largesse is doubtful.] ...the size of the [US] federal government throughout the nineteenth century was about 4 percent of GDP, and it grew to about 10 percent under the New Deal [during the Great Depression]. According to the CBO [Congressional Budget Office], that number has increased to about 25 percent today [in 2012]. The increased role of the government in the economy has had a negative effect on American society: all too often, efficient private activities have been displaced by less efficient government programs with large transfer payments and high regulatory costs that do wonders for their beneficiaries [and the politicians and political parties supported by those beneficiaries] but little good for anyone else." - Richard A. Epstein
Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow and member of the Property Rights, Freedom, and Prosperity Task Force of the Hoover Institute at Stanford University, USA.
Quote from the article, 'Our 'Imbecilic' Constitution? - Facing down today’s problems requires resurrecting the wisdom of the Founders', published in 'Defining Ideas' a Hoover Institution Journal with the motto 'Ideas defining a free society', June 5, 2012. [http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/119201 ]
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"In the past I believed in Communism. Now [2012] I don’t think it’s worth believing in. During the Cultural Revolution I thought Marxism was good. I knew Lenin and Stalin were bad. Now I just think that Marx had some nice ideas. He said the poor are worth helping. That’s good.
But Marx’s class struggle is a problem. Class struggle happens but there’s also class cooperation. It’s not always struggle. If it’s just struggle, then the society will break down. I think this is a big mistake. I think he also exaggerated things, like wanting to destroy property and opposing all ideologies. If you oppose all ideologies, then do you oppose your own? There are too many contradictions. And the idea that everyone will get what they need, what does that mean? Maybe enough to eat but is everyone supposed to get an iPad? And what about a jPad or a kPad? If you define it as everyone gets their freedom, then I think that’s right. How? By making laws and following laws, equally no matter for who or what position in society. Who’s doing that? America. England. Other countries like that. The countries that don’t follow Marx." - Bao Tong
Bao Tong is one of China’s best-known political dissidents. In the early to mid 1980s, he was director of the Communist Party’s Office of Political Reform and the policy secretary for Zhao Ziyang, the party’s former general secretary. Just before the 1989 Tiananmen protests were violently suppressed, Bao was detained and charged with revealing state secrets and making counter-revolutionary propaganda. He was convicted in a 1992 show trial and served seven years, all of it in solitary confinement, in Beijing’s notorious Qincheng prison.
Since his release in 1996, Bao has been under close watch, at times under house arrest, and always followed by police whenever he leaves his apartment.
Quote from '‘In the Current System, I’d Be Corrupt Too’: An Interview with Bao Tong' by Ian Johnson, published in The New York Review of Books Blog on the 14th June, 2012.
[http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/jun/14/china-corruption-bao-tong-interview/ ]
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"A country cannot subsist well without liberty [individual freedom], nor liberty [individual freedom] without virtue." - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(1712 – 1778) was a Franco-Swiss philosopher of the Enlightenment whose political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of socialist theory, and the growth of nationalism. As quoted in 'A Dictionary of Thoughts: Being a Cyclopedia of Laconic Quotations from the Best Authors of the World, Both Ancient and Modern', (1908) by Tryon Edwards, p. 301.
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"Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. [In his original French, 'L'homme est né libre, et partout il est dans les fers'. Also variously translated into English as: 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles' and 'Man was born free, but is everywhere in bondage'.]
" - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(1712 – 1778), Franco-Swiss philosopher of the Enlightenment whose political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of socialist theory, and the growth of nationalism. As quoted in his book, 'The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right', (1762).
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"To be governed is to be watched over, inspected, spied on, directed, legislated at, regulated, docketed, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, assessed, weighed, censored, ordered about, by men who have neither the right, nor the knowledge, nor the virtue. ... To be governed is to be at every operation, at every transaction, noted, registered, enrolled, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. It is, under the pretext of public utility, and in the name of the general interest, to be placed under contribution, trained, ransomed, exploited, monopolized, extorted, squeezed, mystified, robbed; then, at the slightest resistance, the first word of complaint, to be repressed, fined, despised, harassed, tracked, abused, clubbed, disarmed, choked, imprisoned, judged, condemned, shot, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed; and, to crown all, mocked, ridiculed, outraged, dishonoured. That is government; that is its justice; that is its morality." - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
(1809 – 1865), a French politician, mutualist philosopher, economist and socialist. He was also the first individual to call himself an 'anarchist' (in the sense of being opposed to state government authority and power over the individual as a concept) and the first person documented as using the word 'capitalist' to mean a property-owner. He had some contact with and was well known to Karl Marx, the revolutionary economist and 'Father of Communism'.
Quote from his 'Idée Générale de la Révolution au XIXe Siècle' ['The General Idea of the Revolution'] (1851); quoted in 'The Anarchists', (1964) by James Joll, Ch. 3, p. 78. [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon ]
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"Worldly fame is but a breath of wind that blows now this way, and now that, and changes name as it changes direction." - Dante Alighieri
(circa 1265 – 1321), Italian poet, prose writer, literary theorist, moral philosopher, and political thinker. He is best known for the monumental epic poem 'Commedia', later named 'La divina commedia' ('Divine Comedy'), considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature.
In Italy he is known as 'il Sommo Poeta' ('the Supreme Poet') or just 'il Poeta'. Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also known as 'the three fountains' or 'the three crowns'. Dante is also called the 'Father of the Italian language'.
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"[In a democracy] The very right to vote imposes on me the duty to instruct myself in public affair, however little influence my voice may have in them...[for] As soon as any man [or woman] says of the affairs of the State ‘What does it matter to me?’ the State [as representing the individual citizens] may be given up for lost." - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(1712 – 1778), Franco-Swiss philosopher of the Enlightenment whose political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of socialist theory, and the growth of nationalism. As quoted in his book, ‘The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right’, (1762).
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"[With its form of government and legislation at present in 1762] The English people believes itself to be free; it is gravely mistaken; it is free only during election of members of parliament; as soon as the members are elected, the people is enslaved... " - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(1712 – 1778), Franco-Swiss philosopher of the Enlightenment whose political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of socialist theory, and the growth of nationalism. As quoted in his book, ‘The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right’, (1762).
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